Next, Santana uses symmetric or “dishless” wheels to center the rim between the hub flanges. By equalizing spoke lengths, tensions and angles on both sides, dishless wheels distribute the load evenly instead of requiring half the spokes to withstand most of the force.

These two critical wheel strength considerations—wide flange separation and dishless symmetry—explain why Santana rejected the mid-’90s frame width compromise attempted by a few competitors who needed “just enough” space to equip their tandems with drum brakes and 8 cogs. Because 145mm—halfway between pre-existing single bike and tandem standards of 130mm and 160mm—was never wide enough to allow adequate spoke bracing and a dishless design, builders offering this cramped alternative can provide just one or the other. Meanwhile, Santana’s 160mm tandem standard will accommodate a wide array of advancements, including stronger and lighter wheels, additional gears and powerful disc brakes.